The Rise of Catherine
the Great
Director:
Paul Czinner
Year: 1934
Rating: 6.0
Catherine the
Great was a remarkable woman whose best year might have been 1934 when two
big budget films were made about her. This one and the better known The Scarlet
Empress. The Scarlet Empress was produced at Paramount with Marlene Dietrich
playing Catherine and this one was produced in England by the Korda’s and
starred Elisabeth Bergner who was basically never heard of again. Strangely,
Bergner reminds one of Dietrich but sort of a kewpie doll version of her.
Dietrich came from Germany and Bergner came from what was then Austria-Hungary
– both fitting to play Catherine. Back in the 1930’s the Korda brothers (also
born in Austria-Hungary) were producing all those wonderful stately and splendid
historical films such as Rembrandt, Henry the VIII and The Private Life of
Don Juan. Though nearly the entire film takes place within the confines of
the palace it is sumptuous and lovely to look at.
Catherine ruled Russia from 1762 to 1796
and is considered one of Russia’s greatest rulers. Even more incredible is
how this came about. After Peter the Great passed away in 1725 Russia was
basically ruled by women for the rest of the century – after Peter there
was the daughter of his brother Empress Anna who ruled from 1730 – 1740 and
then Peter’s daughter Empress Elizabeth who gained power in a coup and ruled
from 1741 – 1762. Elizabeth played by the always wonderful Flora Robson has
a big role in Catherine’s life.
Though Elizabeth never got The Great placed
in front of her name, her life and rule is worthy of its own film. She never
married but had a trove of lower class lovers. She also never executed anyone
during her rule which back in those days was quite the rarity. Without her
own children she named her nephew Peter to be her heir and immediately went
to Royal Headhunters to find him a suitable wife among the aristocracy of
Europe. Royal children were basically put on a spinning wheel at rapid speed
and they fell out all over Europe inter-marrying – to the point that when
WWI came along all the heads of Germany, England and Russia were all related
to one another. Not a loving family.
They decided on Sophie – latter to be named
Catherine – from a high noble family in Prussia. So at 16 years old she marries
Peter in 1745 but Peter was close to an idiot – all that inter-marrying –
and not particularly liked by the military or other royals. Not that it mattered
because Elizabeth puttered along for another 17 years – and in that time
Catherine learned to speak perfect Russian and to gain popularity with the
military and the nobility. When Elizabeth finally died Peter was named the
Emperor Peter III – but six months later Catherine led a coup and threw him
out of power and he was soon executed though Catherine denied giving the
order.
This film covers these years up to her
ascension to the throne – and though historical accuracy is given a few bruises
along the way and Catherine is made out to be an innocent in love with her
husband till the end – not true at all – the basics are here. Peter is played
by Douglas Fairbanks Jr not yet a star so willing to play Peter as a swine
though not a very clever one. Bergner is way too bright-eyed and bushy-tailed
to be the woman who becomes Catherine the Great. Still I found the story
-which for 1934 was surprisingly sexual in the dialogue - a compelling drama
and it made me want to know more about Catherine who is said to have been
a beauty – though the paintings of her might disagree.